The common bile duct (CBD) is a tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine, where it helps digest fats. Sometimes, this duct can get blocked due to gallstones, tumors, or other issues. CBD exploration is a surgical procedure to open and examine the duct, remove blockages, and ensure bile flows properly. It can be done through laparoscopic surgery (minimally invasive, using small incisions and a camera) or open surgery (a larger incision).